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Historical Right

Historical Right
Destra storica
Leaders
Founded1849
Dissolved1913
Merged intoLiberal Union
IdeologyLiberal conservatism[1][2][3]
Conservative liberalism[4][5]
Conservatism[6][7]
Classical liberalism[8][9]
Monarchism[10]
Political positionCentre[11] to centre-right[11]
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The Right group (Italian: Destra), later called Historical Right (Italian: Destra storica) by historians to distinguish it from the right-wing groups of the 20th century, was an Italian conservative parliamentary group during the second half of the 19th century.[12] After 1876, the Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the left governments.[13] It originated in the convergence of the most liberal faction of the moderate right and the moderate wing of the democratic left.[14] The party included men from heterogeneous cultural, class, and ideological backgrounds, ranging from British-American individualist liberalism to Neo-Hegelian liberalism as well as liberal-conservatives, from strict secularists to more religiously-oriented reformists.[14][1][15] Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists in some capacity.[11]

The Right represented the interests of the Northern bourgeoisie and the Southern aristocracy. Its members were mostly large landowners, industrialists and people related to the military. On economic issues, the Right supported free trade and laissez-faire policies while on social issues it favoured a strong central government, obligatory conscription and during the Cavour era the secular Law of Guarantees, causing Pope Pius IX's Non Expedit policy of abstention.[16] In foreign relations, their goal was the unification of Italy, primarily aiming for an alliance with the British Empire and the French Empire, but sometimes also with the German Empire against Austria-Hungary.[17] In the last decades of its history, the Right was often referred to as Constitutional Opposition.

  1. ^ a b Mario Belardinelli (1976). ELIA (ed.). Un esperimento liberal-conservatore: i governi di Rudinì (1896-1898).
  2. ^ Umberto Gentiloni Silveri (2000). Stadium (ed.). Conservatori senza partito. Un tentativo fallito nell'Italia giolittiana.
  3. ^ Di Mauro, Luca. "La Destra storica". Oilproject.
  4. ^ Sarti, Roland (2009). Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. p. 537. ISBN 9780816074747.
  5. ^ Dyson, Kenneth (2014). States, Debt, and Power: 'Saints' and 'Sinners' in European History and Integration. p. 223. ISBN 9780191023477.
  6. ^ Gramsci, Antonio (1966). Gramsci Institute (ed.). Studi storici. p. 703.
  7. ^ Campanelli, Giuseppe; Carducci, Michele; Tondi Della Mura, Vincenzo; Loiodice, Isabella (2 December 2016). Giappichelli (ed.). Lineamenti di diritto costituzionale della regione Puglia. p. 188. ISBN 9788834847916.
  8. ^ Baglioni, Guido (1973). L'Ideologia della borghesia industriale nell'Italia liberale. Einaudi. p. 191.
  9. ^ Treccani, ed. (2010). "Destra storica italiana". Dizionario di Storia.
  10. ^ Gentile, Emilio (1982). Laterza (ed.). Il mito dello Stato nuovo: Dal radicalismo nazionale al fascismo. ISBN 9788858121498.
  11. ^ a b c Donovan, Mark; Newell, James L. (2008). "Centrism in Italian politics". Modern Italy. 13 (4): 381–397. doi:10.1080/13532940802367554. S2CID 144016171.
  12. ^ Herb, Guntram H.; Kaplan, David H. (22 May 2008). Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview [4 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851099085.
  13. ^ Pirett (October 1999). Una voce per l'Opposizione Costituzionale di Sua Maestà: Alle origini del "Giornale d'Italia" (in Italian). Contemporanea. pp. 699–712.
  14. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Treccani2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Emilio Gentile (2003). "1. Il governo del generale Pelloux". In Laterza (ed.). Le origini dell'Italia contemporanea: L'età giolittiana. ISBN 9788858118290.
  16. ^ Montanelli, Indro (1977). Rizzoli (ed.). Storia d'Italia: Gli anni della destra (1861-1876). Vol. 32.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  17. ^ Sarti, Roland (2009). "The Politics of the Liberal State (1861-1901)". In Infobase Publishing (ed.). Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. ISBN 9780816074747.

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